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Country: |
Sweden |
Locality: |
Bro Utmark |
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Region: |
Bohuslän |
Area: |
Tanum |
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Environment & Surface |
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Open-air
Shelter
Cave
Portable
Megalithic
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Geography: |
Steep rock, 300 m W of road on the edge of a field. Situated just where the threes begin. |
Proximity: |
Close to road and farming land. Above and W of the locality there are 3 larger mounds from the Bronze Age. |
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Geology: |
Large rock, polished by ice and water. |
Surface: |
16 panels, on an area of 1750 square meters. The rock has been polished by ice and sea and is very smooth and slippery, with cracks. Parts of the surface are severely weathered. |
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Art |
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Description: |
Engravings
Paintings
Painted engravings
High or low-relief
Sculpture
Emelieborg/Bro Utmark. The locality is situated at the edge of wood, at steep, polished rock. There are 16 panels at an area of totally 1750 square meters. The total number of figures are 250 and the figurative content is varied and unusual. The central and largest panel depicts 2 smaller ships with adorants, one ship is carried by a human figure and an often depicted battle scene, with 5 human figures equipped with large spears and horned helmets, totally carved out and with enlarged calves. They also wear swords with ferrule of Hallstatt-type.
There are a number of horsemen with rectangular shields, and pregnant mares and birds. At another panel there are 2 foot prints with heel-line placed in line. One ship has lurers and rectangular superstructures. Some of the warriors in the northern part has disappeared by weathering.
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Figures: |
total number 250
Ship figures
Human figures/warriors
Human figures/horsemen
Animal/dogs
Animal/birds
Animal/horses
Weapon/spears
Weapon/shields
Weapon/sword
Tool/lur
Foot prints
Cup marks
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Chronology: |
Palaeolithic
Epipalaeolithic - Mesolithic
Neolithic
Copper Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Roman
Middle Age
Modern
Unknown
he rock carvings of Southern Scandinavia are generally dated to the middle and later part of the Bronze Age, c. 1500-500 BC. Occasionally, more absolute dating of single panels or figures can be made, based on typological or stylistic features of the image, and by comparisons with identifiable objects. The Emelieborg locality can be dated to the Late Bronze Age, or even later, by means of the Hallstatt ferrules and of the rectangular shields of the horsemen.
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Notes: |
Emelieborg/Bro Utmark was known in 1848 (Brunius/Holmberg) and depicted by Baltzer in 1881-1890. The locality is very difficult to reach, the rock is steep and very slippery. The surface can only be examined by the help of ropes, and the easiest way of approaching the carvings is from S or N through woodland. Good maps are necessary. The figures are very distinct and the motifs special and interesting (Coles 1990:53). Parts of the panels are subject to severe weathering and previously known figures has totally disappeared (Bertilsson 1989:104). |
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Bibliography |
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Conservation |
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Status: |
Public
Private
Park
Classified site
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Risk: |
The major risk for rock carvings are chemical weathering, which makes the hard quartzite losen up and fall out, leaving white dots on the darker rock surface. Also natural weathering (mechanical weathering) during winter/spring, when water freeze in cracks and openings in the rock, creates major damage to rock faces with carvings. The biological weathering is also a danger to the rock carvings, and even to intense cleaning of the rock surface during documentation can make the rock fragile and expose the carvings to wind, water and air-born pollution. |
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Conservation: |
Good
Quite good
Mediocre
Bad
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Intervention: |
Problems concerning conservation and preservation, registration and documentation of rock carvings in Scandinavia are discussed by several departments, i.e. Riksantikvaren in Norway, Riksantikvarieämbetet in Sweden, several universities and research departments. Different methods are tested, for example covering of carved surfaces, measuring of temperature and different contents in water and air and also the composition in the granite. Hollows and cracks in the rock surface can be repaired and carefully filled in. An easy method of taking care of the rock surface is by ordinary sweeping. |
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By |
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Record n. 784 / 807 |
No commercial use is allowed. Specific © is mentioned in the captions or owned by each Author or Institution |
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EuroPreArt, European Prehistoric Art, is a web-based archaeological project funded by the European Union which aims to establish a lasting data-base of European prehistoric art documentation, to launch the base of an European institutional network and to contribute to the awareness of the diversity and richness of European Prehistoric Art.
It is proposed by: Instituto Politécnico de Tomar (IPT, Portugal),
CUEBC - European University Centre for Cultural Heritage (Italy - Europe),
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España),
Asociación Cultural Colectivo Barbaón (España),
Université de Liège (Belgique),
Gotland University College (Sverige),
University College Dublin (Eire),
Cooperativa Archeologica Le Orme dell'Uomo (Italia),
Study Centre and Museum of Prehistoric Art of
Pinerolo (Italia),
The European Centre for Prehistoric Research in the Alto Ribatejo (Portugal),
ArqueoJovem - a youth NGO (Portugal).
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