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Name      
Sweden    Tanum, Vitlycke EuroPreArt - European Prehistoric Art

Sweden Image map
Keywords: Bronze Age, Rock Art, Open Air, Carving, Human figures, Male, Female, Ship figures, Wedding, Adorant, Snake, Axe-men, Phallic, Chariot, Border line.
Institution: Gotland University College, Visby, Sweden.  http://www.hgo.se/
Record
proposed
by
Gotland University - Sweden
 
Location
Specific feedbackSpecific feedback

Country:

Sweden

Locality:

Tanum raä 1

Region:

Bohuslän

Area:

Tanum

 

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Map over Southern Sweden, the province of Bohuslän marked out (map by Li Winter).
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Copyright. No commercial use of EuroPreArt content is allowed. Specific © for pictures and drawings is mentioned in the captions or owned by each Author or Institution.
Disclaim. The EuroPreArt project fully endorses the most recent documentation policies. It must be outlined the absolute forbidding of any disruptive method and the necessity of a total respect for archaeological sites. It is also to be noticed that no substances shall be applied to rock art for recording purposes. Some pictures of the EuroPreArt records are related to past recording techniques and may not fully match these policies. They are an historical documentation. Please refer to local archaeological official authorities for any recording purpose. Please take a look also over EuroPreArt guidelines.
 
Environment & Surface

Altitude:

25 m
Open-air   Shelter   Cave Portable   Megalithic

Geography:
The great Vitlycke panel is situated in the NW part of the Tanum plain, at the edge of a slope, facing E.

Proximity:

Close to the Tanum river and facing the Tanum plain. At the top of the ridge are two great mounds from The Bronze Age, overlooking the Tanum plain.

Geology:

Surface:

Smooth, sloping surface, light in colour. Water flow over parts of the carved surface.

Dimensions:
Length 22.00 m.  Width 6.00 m.

 

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Art        

Description:

Engravings   Paintings   Painted engravings   High or low-relief   Sculpture
The Vitlycke panel is one of the most famous rock carvings in the world, with nearly 300 figures of which c. 170 cup marks. The figurative content of the carving is exceptional with many unique motifs and scenes. Outstanding are the so called "bridal couple", with a huge phallic human figure raising an axe over their heads. There are more examples of bridal couples at Vitlycke, sometimes onboard a ship. Other special and interesting images are the adorant in front of a huge snake, the "devil-like" human figure in a chariot, and above all the kneeling female figure beside a tall man lying down. There is a very big ship with crew-strokes and with the frame visible. Half the number of cup marks are arranged in a row, and there are men fighting on both sides of the cup mark border-line. There are a large number of ship figures of different size, some double-lined with or without crew-strokes. Some of the ship figures have x-shaped frame strokes. There are a number of warriors, of which some have a circle shaped body, possibly a shield and equipped with axe and sword. There is a large phallic human figure with a sword and the arm bent, followed by a procession of smaller human figures. One human figure is phallic, has a beak-shaped head or mask, and with a huge vertical spear or extended arms.

Figures:
total number 300
ship figures human figures with sex (male) human figures with sex (female) chariot snake weapons/tools animals discs cup marks

Chronology:

Palaeolithic   Epipalaeolithic - Mesolithic   Neolithic   Copper Age   Bronze Age   Iron Age   Roman   Middle Age   Modern   Unknown
The rock carvings of Southern Scandinavia are generally dated to the middle and later part of the Bronze Age, c. 1500-500 BC. Occasionally, more absolute dating of single panels or figures can be made, based on typological or stylistic features of the image, and by comparisons with identifiable objects.

Notes:

The Vitlycke panel is one of Sweden´s most remarkable and most frequently visited rock engravings. The panel is seen as one of the major pictorial engravings of Bronze Age art. On a slab measuring about 20 x 7 m and ground smooth by the retreating ice cap, we find many figures of widely differing kinds, which between them make up a living portrait of the Bronze Age environment (Bertilsson 1989:240).
 
Bibliography        





European total bibliography, by EuroPreArt partnersTotal (Europe)
Sweden EuroPreArt general bibliography, by Gotland University College, Visby, Sweden.General (country)
Specific Tanum, Vitlycke bibliography, by Gotland University College, Visby, Sweden.Specific (site)
Rock Art Studies: A Bibliographic worldwide Database (external link). Compiled by Leigh Marymor. Copyright (C) 2001-2002 by the Library, University of California, Berkeley Bibliographic
Rock Art
Database

 

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Conservation        

Status:

Public   Private   Park   Classified site

Risk:

The major risk for rock carvings are chemical weathering, which makes the hard quartzite losen up and fall out, leaving white dots on the darker rock surface. Also natural weathering (mechanical weathering) during winter/spring, when water freeze in cracks and openings in the rock, creates major damage to rock faces with carvings. The biological weathering is also a danger to the rock carvings, and even to intense cleaning of the rock surface during documentation can make the rock fragile and expose the carvings to wind, water and air-born pollution.

Conservation:

Good   Quite good   Mediocre   Bad

Intervention:

Problems concerning conservation and preservation, registration and documentation of rock carvings in Scandinavia are discussed by several departments, i.e. Riksantikvaren in Norway, Riksantikvarieämbetet in Sweden, several universities and research departments. Different methods are tested, for example covering of carved surfaces, measuring of temperature and different contents in water and air and also the composition in the granite. Hollows and cracks in the rock surface can be repaired and carefully filled in. An easy method of taking care of the rock surface is by ordinary sweeping. The Bronze Age environment has been restored by careful site management, mainly by clearing out pine-trees and the lower vegetation in order to create a more open and original environment. There is a descriptive sign post and the carving is painted.

 

By          

Compiler:

Li Winter 2001.

Institution:

Gotland University College, Visby, Sweden.  http://www.hgo.se/
 
         Record n. 794 / 807
No commercial use is allowed. Specific © is mentioned in the captions or owned by each Author or Institution  
 
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NEW: Alpine rock paintings
enter the Balma dei Cervi Virtual Museum and surf the Virtual Tour: spherical pano-views,
hi-def flat photos and tracings


EuroPreArt, European Prehistoric Art, is a web-based archaeological project funded by the European Union which aims to establish a lasting data-base of European prehistoric art documentation, to launch the base of an European institutional network and to contribute to the awareness of the diversity and richness of European Prehistoric Art.
It is proposed by: Instituto Politécnico de Tomar (IPT, Portugal), CUEBC - European University Centre for Cultural Heritage (Italy - Europe), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Asociación Cultural Colectivo Barbaón (España), Université de Liège (Belgique), Gotland University College (Sverige), University College Dublin (Eire), Cooperativa Archeologica Le Orme dell'Uomo (Italia), Study Centre and Museum of Prehistoric Art of Pinerolo (Italia), The European Centre for Prehistoric Research in the Alto Ribatejo (Portugal), ArqueoJovem - a youth NGO (Portugal).
Instituto Politécnico de Tomar - Portugal CUEBC - European University Centre for Cultural Heritage, Ravello - Italy CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid - Spain Orme dell'Uomo - Footsteps of Man, Valcamonica - Italy Asociación Cultural Colectivo Barbaón, Extremadura -Spain Liège University - Belgium Gotland University - Sweden University College Dublin - Ireland CeSMAP - Centro Studi e Museo d'Arte Preistorica. Pinerolo, Italy Arqueo Jovem

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