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Name      
Sweden    Borg, Skälv EuroPreArt - European Prehistoric Art

Sweden Image map
Keywords: Bronze Age, Carving, Rock art, Open air, Wheel cross, Human figures, Tree-figures, Ship figures, Frame-figures, Cup marks.
Institution: Gotland University College, Visby, Sweden.  http://www.hgo.se/
Record
proposed
by
Gotland University - Sweden
 
Location
Specific feedbackSpecific feedback

Country:

Sweden

Locality:

Skälv

Region:

Östergötland

Area:

Borg

 

click to enlarge
Tracing of Skälv panel 1, with two strange figures possibly humans dressed in some kind of ceremonial outfit (Burenhult 1973:164).
click to enlarge
Copyright. No commercial use of EuroPreArt content is allowed. Specific © for pictures and drawings is mentioned in the captions or owned by each Author or Institution.
Disclaim. The EuroPreArt project fully endorses the most recent documentation policies. It must be outlined the absolute forbidding of any disruptive method and the necessity of a total respect for archaeological sites. It is also to be noticed that no substances shall be applied to rock art for recording purposes. Some pictures of the EuroPreArt records are related to past recording techniques and may not fully match these policies. They are an historical documentation. Please refer to local archaeological official authorities for any recording purpose. Please take a look also over EuroPreArt guidelines.
 
Environment & Surface

Open-air   Shelter   Cave Portable   Megalithic

Geography:
A number of localities close to Skälv farm, on both sides of road (E4). 40 m SE of farm, along the top of a ridge and the SW slope. 300 m WSW of road to Skälv farm, 20 m SSE of E4, a ridge on a higher rock surface in a field, 6 panels.

Proximity:

Situated in an area with several rock carving localities, between the Lake Glan and so called Norrköping-fault. In the vicinity of Motala stream and E4.

Geology:

Mica-schist and gneiss.

Surface:

Wide, flat and smooth rock face.

 

click to enlarge
click to enlarge
 
Art        

Description:

Engravings   Paintings   Painted engravings   High or low-relief   Sculpture
Skälv, Borg parish, Östergötland. There are a number of panels with rock carvings all around the Skälv farm on both sides of E4 road. The carvings are found on small and medium size rock surfaces, slightly sloping and polished by the ice. There are a number of ship figures, on panel 1 there are 22 double-lined ships with short crew-lines, extended keel-line and extended and upturned prow. There are also two obscure figures, possible humans in some kind of garment or ceremonial dressing. There are also a number of cup marks and a wheel cross. On other panels on the other side of E4 road, there are figures like ships of which some are double-lined without crewstrokes, single-lined without crew strokes and double-lined with crew strokes. There are also strange figures called "frame figures" which are unique and unusual. Similar figures (although not rectangular) are found on panels in Bohuslän. There are symbolic designs like contour-carved foot prints, of which some with heel and some without. There are also animal figures, wheel crosses, a few weapons (mainly axes) and circular designs with a cup mark in the middle. Cup marks are found all over the carvings.

Figures:
Ship figures/double-lined with crew strokes/without crewstrokes, with x-frame lines in the hull/totally carved out hull with crew strokes Wheel crosses Human figures Wheel crosses Frame figures Discs/triple with cup mark/single without cup mark.

Chronology:

Palaeolithic   Epipalaeolithic - Mesolithic   Neolithic   Copper Age   Bronze Age   Iron Age   Roman   Middle Age   Modern   Unknown
The rock carvings in Östergötland are generally dated to the Bronze Age, c. 1800-500 BC on basis of the position in the landscape, the relation to other ancient monuments and of the combinations of different figures and motifs. Bronze Age, Carving, Rock art, Open air, Wheel cross, Human figures, Horsemen, Dancer, Weapon, Axes, Shafted dagger, Ceremonial, Megalithic, Ship figures, Cup marks.

Notes:

The province of Östergötland in Sweden, has long been well-known for its profusion of rock carvings, but figurative carvings only abound in a small area to the W of Norrköping; elsewhere they are few and far between. It is probable that the Norrköping district was of importance as a religious centre on several spatial and social levels in a tribal society: local, regional and supra-regional; perhaps with Ekenberg functioning on the highest level. The widespread cup mark sites, on the other hand, were utilised for a domestic cult on a microlevel, probably prevailing into the Iron Age and perhaps longer (Selinge 1989:234).
 
Bibliography        





European total bibliography, by EuroPreArt partnersTotal (Europe)
Sweden EuroPreArt general bibliography, by Gotland University College, Visby, Sweden.General (country)
Specific Borg, Skälv bibliography, by Gotland University College, Visby, Sweden.Specific (site)
Rock Art Studies: A Bibliographic worldwide Database (external link). Compiled by Leigh Marymor. Copyright (C) 2001-2002 by the Library, University of California, Berkeley Bibliographic
Rock Art
Database

 

 
Conservation        

Status:

Public   Private   Park   Classified site

Risk:

The rock carvings are fragile and the major risk are chemical weathering, which makes the hard quartzite losen up and fall out, leaving white dots on the darker rock surface. Also natural weathering (mechanical weathering) during winter/spring, when water freeze in cracks and openings in the rock, creates major damage to rock faces with carvings. The biological weathering is also a danger to the rock carvings, and even to intense cleaning of the rock surface during documentation can make the rock fragile and expose the carvings to wind, water and air-born pollution.

Conservation:

Good   Quite good   Mediocre   Bad

Intervention:

Problems concerning conservation and preservation, registration and documentation of rock carvings in Scandinavia are discussed by several departments, i.e. Riksantikvaren in Norway, Riksantikvarieämbetet in Sweden, several universities and research departments. Different methods are tested, for example covering of carved surfaces, measuring of temperature and different contents in water and air and also the composition in the granite. Hollows and cracks in the rock surface can be repaired and carefully filled in. The carving is painted.

 

By          

Compiler:

Li Winter 2001.

Institution:

Gotland University College, Visby, Sweden.  http://www.hgo.se/
 
         Record n. 755 / 807
No commercial use is allowed. Specific © is mentioned in the captions or owned by each Author or Institution  
 
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NEW: Alpine rock paintings
enter the Balma dei Cervi Virtual Museum and surf the Virtual Tour: spherical pano-views,
hi-def flat photos and tracings


EuroPreArt, European Prehistoric Art, is a web-based archaeological project funded by the European Union which aims to establish a lasting data-base of European prehistoric art documentation, to launch the base of an European institutional network and to contribute to the awareness of the diversity and richness of European Prehistoric Art.
It is proposed by: Instituto Politécnico de Tomar (IPT, Portugal), CUEBC - European University Centre for Cultural Heritage (Italy - Europe), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Asociación Cultural Colectivo Barbaón (España), Université de Liège (Belgique), Gotland University College (Sverige), University College Dublin (Eire), Cooperativa Archeologica Le Orme dell'Uomo (Italia), Study Centre and Museum of Prehistoric Art of Pinerolo (Italia), The European Centre for Prehistoric Research in the Alto Ribatejo (Portugal), ArqueoJovem - a youth NGO (Portugal).
Instituto Politécnico de Tomar - Portugal CUEBC - European University Centre for Cultural Heritage, Ravello - Italy CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid - Spain Orme dell'Uomo - Footsteps of Man, Valcamonica - Italy Asociación Cultural Colectivo Barbaón, Extremadura -Spain Liège University - Belgium Gotland University - Sweden University College Dublin - Ireland CeSMAP - Centro Studi e Museo d'Arte Preistorica. Pinerolo, Italy Arqueo Jovem

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